Jenkins pipelines fail to use Jenkinsfile with 'agent {Dockerfile true }

There is no such thing as a stupid question.
It is a environment variable, so you could add

export DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR=""

before starting your container on your agent, or pass this variable on the command line:

docker run --name myAgent 
	-e DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR="" \
        [...]
	yourJenkinsAgentImage