Jenkins and its many plugins are not FIPS compliant out of the box[1] and trying to run it on a RedHat FIPS enabled host with the JVM in RedHat FIPS mode will leave your JVM still not in FIPS compliant mode as we use non JDK encryption routines. To save yourself from hurt I would disable FIPS on this host as it does nothing for the FIPS compliance of Jenkins and actively causes harm as you discovered.
[1] there are manual steps you can take for Jenkins and some plugins, but you will really need to check all the plugins you use, or have support from a vendor that would do this for you.